Virginia Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

The following is a general description of the types of records held by the city:

• Personnel records concerning city employees and officials
• Records of city contracts
• Records specific to the operations of the various city departments

If you are unsure whether the department has the record(s) you seek, please contact the department's FOIA Officer.

The Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.1 allows any public body to withhold certain records from public disclosure. Commonly used exemptions include the following:

• Personnel records, § 2.2-3705.1 (1) of the Code of Virginia
• Records subject to attorney-client privilege (§ 2.2-3705.1 (2)) or attorney work product (§ 2.2-3705.1 (3))
• Vendor proprietary information, § 2.2-3705.1 (6)
• Records relating to the negotiation and award of a contract, prior to a contract being awarded, § 2.2-3705.1 (12)

The Virginia Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), § 2.2-3700 et seq. of the Code of Virginia, guarantees citizens of the Commonwealth and representatives of the media access to public records held by public bodies, public officials, and public employees.

A public record is any writing or recording -- regardless of whether it is a paper record, an electronic file, an audio or video recording, or any other format -- that is prepared or owned by, or in the possession of a public body or its officers, employees or agents in the transaction of public business. All public records are presumed to be open, and may only be withheld if a specific, statutory exemption applies.

The policy of FOIA states that the purpose of FOIA is to promote an increased awareness by all persons of governmental activities. In furthering this policy, FOIA requires that the law be interpreted liberally, in favor of access, and that any exemption allowing public records to be withheld must be interpreted narrowly.

• You have the right to request to inspect or receive copies of public records, or both.
• You have the right to request that any charges for the requested records be estimated in advance.
• If you believe that your FOIA rights have been violated, you may file a petition in district or circuit court to compel compliance with FOIA. Alternatively, you may contact the FOIA Council for a nonbinding advisory opinion.

• You may request records by U.S. Mail, fax, e-mail, in person, or over the phone. FOIA does not require that your request be in writing, nor do you need to specifically state that you are requesting records under FOIA.
• From a practical perspective, it may be helpful to both you and the person receiving your request to put your request in writing. This allows you to create a record of your request. It also gives us a clear statement of what records you are requesting, so that there is no misunderstanding over a verbal request. However, we cannot refuse to respond to your FOIA request if you elect to not put it in writing.
• Your request must identify the records you are seeking with "reasonable specificity." This is a common-sense standard. It does not refer to or limit the volume or number of records that you are requesting; instead, it requires that you be specific enough so that we can identify and locate the records that you are seeking.
• Your request must ask for existing records or documents. FOIA gives you a right to inspect or copy records; it does not apply to a situation where you are asking general questions, nor does it require the city to create a record that does not exist.
• You may choose to receive electronic records in any format used by the city in the regular course of business.
• For example, if you are requesting records maintained in an Excel database, you may elect to receive those records electronically, via e-mail or on a computer disk, or to receive a printed copy of those records.
• If we have questions about your request, please cooperate with staff's efforts to clarify the type of records that you are seeking, or to attempt to reach a reasonable agreement about a response to a large request. Making a FOIA request is not an adversarial process, but we may need to discuss your request with you to ensure that we understand what records you are seeking.

The department must respond to your request within five working days of receiving it. "Day One" is considered the day after your request is received. The five-day period does not include weekends or holidays.

The reason behind your request for public records from the department is irrelevant, and you do not have to state why you want the records before we respond to your request. FOIA does, however, allow the department to require you to provide your name and legal address.

FOIA requires that the department make one of the following responses to your request within the five-day time period:

• Provide you with the records that you have requested in their entirety.
• Withhold all of the records that you have requested, because all of the records are subject to a specific statutory exemption. If all of the records are being withheld, the department must send you a response in writing. That writing must identify the volume and subject matter of the records being withheld, and state the specific section of the Code of Virginia that allows us to withhold the records.
• Provide some of the records that you have requested, but withhold other records. The department cannot withhold an entire record if only a portion of it is subject to an exemption. In that instance, the department may redact the portion of the record that may be withheld, and must provide you with the remainder of the record. The department must provide you with a written response stating the specific section of the Code of Virginia that allows portions of the requested records to be withheld.
• Inform you in writing that the requested records cannot be found in the department's possession or do not exist (i.e., the department does not have the records you want). However, if the department knows that another city department or another public body has the requested records, the department must include contact information in the response to you.
• If it is practically impossible for the department to respond to your request within the five-day period, it must state this in writing, explaining the conditions that make the response impossible. This will allow the department seven additional working days to respond to your request, giving it a total of 12 working days to respond to your request.
   

If you make a request for a very large number of records, and the department feels that it cannot provide the records to you within 12 working days without disrupting its other organizational responsibilities, it may petition the court for additional time to respond to your request. However, FOIA requires that the department make a reasonable effort to reach an agreement with you concerning the production or the records before going to court to ask for more time.

• A public body may make reasonable charges not to exceed its actual cost incurred in accessing, duplicating, supplying, or searching for the requested records. No public body shall impose any extraneous, intermediary, or surplus fees or expenses to recoup the general costs associated with creating or maintaining records or transacting the general business of the public body.
• Any duplicating fee charged by a public body shall not exceed the actual cost of duplication. All charges for the supplying of requested records shall be estimated in advance at the request of the citizen as set forth in subsection F of § 2.2-3704 of the Code of Virginia.
• You may have to pay for the records that you request from the department as FOIA allows the department to charge for the actual costs of responding to FOIA requests. This would include items like staff time spent searching for the requested records, copying costs, or any other costs directly related to supplying the requested records. It cannot include general overhead costs.
• If the department estimates that it will cost more than $200 to respond to your request, it may require you to pay a deposit, not to exceed the amount of the estimate, before proceeding with your request. The five days that the department has to respond to your request does not include the time between when the department requests a deposit and when you provide such deposit.
• You may request that the department estimate in advance the charges for supplying the records that you have requested. This will allow you to know about any costs upfront, or give you the opportunity to modify your request in an attempt to lower the estimated costs.
• If you owe the city money from a previous FOIA request that has remained unpaid for more than 30 days, the department may require payment of the past-due bill before it will respond to your new FOIA request.

To request records from the city, you may direct your request to the applicable city department through the FOIA Officers for such departments as listed below.

In addition, the Freedom of Information Advisory Council is available to answer any questions you may have about FOIA. The Council may be contacted by e-mail at foiacouncil@dls.virginia.gov, or by phone at (804)225-3056 or [toll free] at (866)448-4100.

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